Arachnoid cyst

Intracranial and Spinal Arachnoid Cysts

Introduction

Intracranial and Spinal Arachnoid Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that occur in the cranial or spinal regions. These cysts are formed by arachnoid cells, which are part of the meninges, the layers that cover the brain and spinal cord. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are found in the brain, while spinal arachnoid cysts are located along the spine.

Characteristics

Arachnoid cysts are typically filled with cerebrospinal fluid and are usually benign. They can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or can develop later in life due to trauma, infection, or other causes.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the location and size of the cyst:

Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts

• Headaches.
• Seizures.
• Hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain).
• Neurological deficits, depending on the cyst's location.

Spinal Arachnoid Cysts

• Symptoms of radiculopathy (pain and loss of function due to nerve root compression).
• Back pain.
• Muscle weakness and sensory issues in the limbs.

Brain MRI depicting an intracranial arachnoid cyst.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies, such as:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for detailed images of the brain or spinal cord.
• Computed Tomography (CT) scans in certain cases.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the symptoms and the cyst's impact on surrounding tissues:

• Observation and regular monitoring may be sufficient for asymptomatic or small cysts.
• Surgical intervention, such as cyst fenestration or shunting, may be necessary for symptomatic or large cysts.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with arachnoid cysts varies. Many remain asymptomatic and do not require treatment, while others may experience relief from symptoms following surgical intervention.

Epidemiology

Arachnoid cysts are relatively rare. Intracranial cysts are more common in males and are often diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood.

See Also

• Neurosurgery
• Meninges
• Cerebrospinal fluid

External Links

• American Association of Neurological Surgeons - Arachnoid Cysts
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Arachnoid cyst Resources
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