Aralia

Aralia spinosa, Georgia, USA

Aralia is a genus of plants within the family Araliaceae, comprising a diverse group of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs, and perennials. The genus is native to the Americas, Asia, and Australia, showcasing a wide range of habitats and ecological niches. Aralia plants are known for their large leaves, often divided into leaflets, giving them a feathery appearance. Some species are used in horticulture for ornamental purposes, while others have been utilized in traditional medicine.

Description

Aralia species vary significantly in size and form, ranging from small, herbaceous perennials to large trees. The leaves are typically large, compound, and often have a serrated margin. Flowers are small, usually white or greenish, arranged in large inflorescences that can be either panicles or umbels. These plants are known for their distinctive bark and the spines that some species have, which add to their ornamental value.

Distribution and Habitat

The distribution of Aralia spans across temperate and tropical regions of the world. In Asia, they are predominantly found in the forests of China and Japan. The Americas host both tropical species in the south and temperate species in the north, extending into the forests of the eastern United States. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in a variety of soil types and environmental conditions, although they generally prefer moist, well-drained soils.

Uses

1. 1. 1. Horticultural Use ###

Aralia species are popular in gardens and landscapes for their striking foliage and architectural presence. They can be used as specimen plants, in borders, or as part of woodland gardens. Their tolerance of shade makes them valuable in designing gardens with varied light conditions.

1. 1. 1. Medicinal Use ###

Several species of Aralia are used in traditional medicine across different cultures. Aralia roots and bark have been used to treat a variety of ailments, including arthritis, coughs, and even as a tonic to boost vitality. However, scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and further research is needed to validate traditional claims.

1. 1. 1. Culinary Use ###

Some species of Aralia, such as Aralia cordata (Udo), are cultivated for their edible shoots and leaves, which are used in Asian cuisines. The shoots are often blanched to remove bitterness and can be used in salads, soups, and stir-fries.

Conservation

While many Aralia species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and overharvesting for medicinal and ornamental use have placed some species under threat. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the survival of vulnerable species within the genus.

Selected Species

• Aralia chinensis – Chinese Angelica Tree
• Aralia elata – Japanese Angelica Tree
• Aralia cordata – Udo
• Aralia spinosa – Devil's Walking Stick

See Also

• Horticulture
• Traditional medicine
• Conservation status