Araucaria angustifolia

Itaimbezinho - Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra 33

Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia tree

Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Paraná pine, Brazilian pine, or candelabra tree, is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is native to southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. This tree is an important component of the Atlantic Forest biome and is known for its distinctive, symmetrical shape and large, edible seeds called pinhão.

Description

Araucaria angustifolia is a tall, evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 50 meters (164 feet). The trunk is straight and cylindrical, with a diameter that can exceed 1 meter (3.3 feet). The bark is thick and rough, providing protection against fire. The branches are arranged in whorls and spread horizontally, giving the tree a candelabra-like appearance.

The leaves are stiff, needle-like, and arranged spirally around the branches. They are dark green and can be up to 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) long. The tree produces large, woody cones that contain the seeds, which are an important food source for both humans and wildlife.

Habitat and Distribution

Araucaria angustifolia is found in the high-altitude regions of southern Brazil, particularly in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. It also occurs in parts of northeastern Argentina and eastern Paraguay. The tree thrives in cool, moist climates and is typically found at elevations between 500 and 1,800 meters (1,640 and 5,906 feet).

Ecological Importance

The Paraná pine plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. Its seeds, known as pinhão, are a vital food source for various animals, including birds, rodents, and primates. The tree also provides habitat and shelter for numerous species, contributing to the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest.

Conservation Status

Araucaria angustifolia is classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The primary threats to the species include deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and illegal logging. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore the remaining populations of this iconic tree.

Uses

The seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, pinhão, are edible and have been traditionally consumed by indigenous peoples and local communities. They are often boiled or roasted and are a popular ingredient in regional dishes. The wood of the Paraná pine is also valued for its quality and is used in construction and furniture making.

Related Pages

• Conifer
• Atlantic Forest
• Critically Endangered species
• Paraná (state)
• Santa Catarina (state)
• Rio Grande do Sul