Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia
familia	Araucariaceae
genus	Araucaria
subfamilia	{{{subfamilia}}}
species	A. angustifolia
binomial	Araucaria angustifolia
binomial_authority	(Bertol.) Kuntze
ordo	Pinales
regnum	Plantae

Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Paraná pine or Brazilian pine, is a species of coniferous tree native to southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. It belongs to the family Araucariaceae and is the only species in the genus Araucaria that is native to the Southern Hemisphere.

Description

Araucaria angustifolia is a large evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 50 meters (160 feet) and has a trunk diameter of 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6 feet). The tree has a distinctive pyramidal shape with horizontal branches that are arranged in regular whorls. The leaves are needle-like, measuring about 1 to 2 centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) long and are arranged in spirals along the branches. The bark is thick and rough, with a reddish-brown color.

Distribution and Habitat

Araucaria angustifolia is native to the Atlantic Forest biome in southern Brazil, where it is commonly found in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. It also occurs in eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. The tree prefers well-drained soils and is often found growing on slopes and ridges in the highlands.

Conservation Status

The conservation status of Araucaria angustifolia is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The species has experienced significant population decline due to deforestation, logging, and habitat fragmentation. It is also threatened by the illegal extraction of its seeds, which are used for food and oil production.

Uses

Araucaria angustifolia has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various purposes. The seeds, known as pinhão, are edible and are commonly roasted or boiled before consumption. The wood of the tree is highly valued for its durability and is used in construction, furniture making, and as a source of fuel. The tree is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.