Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia

Araucaria angustifolia in Serra Gaúcha

Araucaria angustifolia, commonly known as the Paraná pine or Brazilian pine, is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is native to southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay. This tree is notable for its distinctive appearance and ecological importance in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Description

Young Araucaria angustifolia tree

Araucaria angustifolia is a large evergreen tree that can grow up to 40 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of up to 1 meter. The tree has a straight trunk and a narrow, conical crown that becomes more rounded with age. The branches are arranged in whorls and are covered with dense, dark green leaves that are needle-like and sharp.

The leaves are arranged spirally and are about 3-6 cm long and 5-10 mm wide. They are thick and leathery, with a sharp point at the tip. The tree is dioecious, meaning that male and female cones are found on separate trees.

Reproduction

Male cones of Araucaria angustifolia

The male cones are cylindrical and produce pollen, while the female cones are larger and globular, containing seeds. The seeds, known as "pinhões," are edible and are an important food source for local wildlife and humans. The cones take about 18-24 months to mature after pollination.

Habitat and Distribution

Araucaria angustifolia is found in the Atlantic Forest biome, particularly in the highlands of southern Brazil, including the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. It also occurs in parts of Argentina and Paraguay. The tree thrives in cool, moist environments and is often found in mixed forests with other species such as Podocarpus lambertii and Ilex paraguariensis.

Ecological Importance

Araucaria angustifolia in Uruguay

Araucaria angustifolia plays a crucial role in its ecosystem. It provides habitat and food for various animal species, including birds, mammals, and insects. The seeds are a vital food source for the azure jay and other wildlife. The tree also contributes to the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest, which is one of the most diverse and endangered ecosystems in the world.

Conservation

Araucaria angustifolia is classified as "Critically Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat loss, logging, and land conversion for agriculture. Conservation efforts are underway to protect remaining populations and restore degraded areas. Sustainable management practices and reforestation projects are essential to ensure the survival of this iconic species.

Uses

Pinhões, the seeds of Araucaria angustifolia

The seeds of Araucaria angustifolia, known as "pinhões," are a traditional food in southern Brazil. They are rich in carbohydrates and can be boiled or roasted. The wood of the tree is also valued for its quality and is used in construction and furniture making. However, due to its endangered status, logging is heavily restricted.

Related Pages

• Atlantic Forest
• Araucariaceae
• Conifer
• Endangered species