Arteria epigastrica

Arteria Epigastrica refers to a group of arteries that supply blood to the abdominal wall and some of its contents. There are two main types: the Superior Epigastric Artery and the Inferior Epigastric Artery. These arteries are crucial for the vascularization of the abdominal wall and play a significant role in various surgical procedures, including hernia repairs.

Superior Epigastric Artery

The Superior Epigastric Artery is a direct continuation of the Internal Thoracic Artery after it crosses the sixth rib. It descends into the abdominal wall, running between the rectus abdominis and its posterior sheath. This artery supplies blood to the upper portion of the abdominal wall and anastomoses with the Inferior Epigastric Artery, forming a crucial vascular connection.

Inferior Epigastric Artery

The Inferior Epigastric Artery originates from the external iliac artery, just above the inguinal ligament. It ascends obliquely towards the umbilicus, running along the medial side of the Inguinal Canal and then piercing the Transversalis Fascia to enter the rectus sheath. Here, it also lies between the rectus abdominis muscle and its posterior sheath. The inferior epigastric artery supplies blood to the lower part of the abdominal wall and participates in anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery.

Clinical Significance

The epigastric arteries are of particular interest in surgical procedures, especially in the repair of inguinal hernias. The presence and course of these arteries must be carefully considered to avoid vascular injury, which can lead to significant complications. Additionally, these arteries are often used as recipient vessels in microsurgical procedures, such as free flap reconstructions of the breast and abdomen.

Anatomy

The course and branches of the epigastric arteries highlight the complexity of the abdominal wall's vascular supply. Their anastomosis forms a vital part of the collateral circulation, ensuring adequate blood supply even if one part is compromised.

See Also

• Abdominal Wall
• Hernia
• Microsurgery
• Internal Thoracic Artery
• External Iliac Artery