Epigastric arteries

Epigastric arteries are a pair of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the anterior abdominal wall. They are divided into two types: the superior epigastric artery and the inferior epigastric artery.

Superior Epigastric Artery

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of the internal thoracic artery. It descends into the abdomen through the thoracic diaphragm via the sternocostal triangle, a space in the diaphragm that allows passage of structures between the thorax and abdomen. It runs deep to the rectus abdominis muscle, supplying it and the diaphragm with oxygenated blood.

Inferior Epigastric Artery

The inferior epigastric artery arises from the external iliac artery, just above the inguinal ligament. It ascends obliquely upward, running along the medial margin of the deep inguinal ring. It also supplies the rectus abdominis muscle, and anastomoses (connects) with the superior epigastric artery.

Clinical Significance

The epigastric arteries are important landmarks in several surgical procedures, including abdominal wall hernia repairs and coronary artery bypass grafting. Damage to these arteries during surgery can lead to complications such as hematoma, ischemia, and necrosis.

See Also

• Abdominal aorta
• Abdominal wall
• Anatomy of the human body