Arterial plaque

Arterial Plaque is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits and other substances on the inner walls of the arteries. This condition is also known as atherosclerosis and is a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease.

Overview

Arterial plaque is primarily composed of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other substances. Over time, these substances can harden and narrow the arteries, a process known as stenosis. This can restrict blood flow and lead to various health complications, including heart attack and stroke.

Causes

The exact cause of arterial plaque is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. These include smoking, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetic factors may also play a role.

Symptoms

In the early stages, arterial plaque often does not cause any symptoms. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness in the limbs. In severe cases, arterial plaque can lead to life-threatening events such as heart attack or stroke.

Diagnosis

Arterial plaque is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, patient history, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood tests, echocardiogram, angiogram, or computed tomography (CT) scan.

Treatment

Treatment for arterial plaque typically involves lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle changes may include quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. Medications may be used to lower cholesterol levels, reduce blood pressure, or prevent blood clots. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention of arterial plaque involves managing risk factors. This includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and regular medical check-ups.