Articular capsule

Articular Capsule

The articular capsule is a vital component of the synovial joint, which is a type of joint that allows for free movement between the bones it connects. The articular capsule is a flexible, yet strong, fibrous structure that surrounds and encloses the joint, providing stability and protection.

Structure

The articular capsule is composed of two layers: the outer fibrous layer and the inner synovial layer. The outer fibrous layer, also known as the fibrous membrane, is made up of dense, irregular connective tissue. This layer provides the capsule with its strength and durability, preventing the joint from dislocating or moving beyond its normal range of motion.

The inner synovial layer, or synovial membrane, is a thin, delicate layer of connective tissue that produces synovial fluid. This fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction between the articular cartilage surfaces during movement.

Function

The primary function of the articular capsule is to protect and stabilize the joint. By completely enclosing the joint, the capsule helps to prevent dislocation and other injuries. The capsule also maintains the joint's alignment and allows for a wide range of motion.

In addition to providing physical support, the articular capsule also plays a role in the joint's physiological processes. The synovial membrane within the capsule produces synovial fluid, which nourishes the articular cartilage and lubricates the joint.

Clinical Significance

Damage or disease affecting the articular capsule can lead to a variety of joint disorders. For example, osteoarthritis is a common condition that involves the degeneration of the articular capsule and other joint tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that often results in inflammation of the synovial membrane within the capsule.

See Also

• Synovial joint
• Joint
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis