Synovial fluid

Synovial fluid, also known as joint fluid, is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. With its egg white–like consistency, the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.

Composition

Synovial fluid is made of hyaluronic acid and lubricin, proteinases, and collagenases. Synovial fluid exhibits non-Newtonian flow characteristics; the viscosity coefficient is not a constant, the fluid is not linearly viscous.

Function

Synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage and other tissues in joints to lubricate and cushion them during movement. The fluid within the synovial sheath of a tendon (peritendinous fluid) serves a similar function to synovial fluid but in a different location.

Clinical significance

Changes in the normal microstructure and volume of synovial fluid can be a symptom or disease indicator. Synovial fluid collections are usually taken for analysis in clinical circumstances when an infection, gout, or another condition is suspected.

See also

• Synovial joint
• Synovial membrane
• Synovitis

References

Synovial fluid Resources
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