Articular cartilage damage

Articular cartilage damage refers to the injury or degradation of the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage allows bones to glide over each other with minimal friction, facilitating smooth movement. Damage to this cartilage can lead to pain, swelling, and impaired joint function.

Causes

Articular cartilage damage can result from various factors, including:

• Trauma: Direct impact or injury to the joint.
• Osteoarthritis: Degenerative joint disease that wears down cartilage over time.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that attacks joint tissues.
• Overuse: Repetitive stress on the joint from activities or sports.
• Genetic factors: Inherited conditions that affect cartilage health.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of articular cartilage damage include:

• Joint pain, especially during movement.
• Swelling and tenderness around the joint.
• Stiffness and reduced range of motion.
• A clicking or grinding sensation in the joint.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination: Assessing joint function and pain.
• Imaging tests: X-ray, MRI, or CT scan to visualize the extent of damage.
• Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure using a camera to inspect the joint.

Treatment

Treatment options vary based on the severity of the damage and may include:

• Rest and physical therapy: To reduce stress on the joint and improve function.
• Medications: Such as NSAIDs to manage pain and inflammation.
• Injections: Corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid to reduce pain and improve mobility.
• Surgical options:

Microfracture surgery: Creating small fractures in the bone to stimulate cartilage growth. Osteochondral autograft transplantation: Transferring healthy cartilage from another part of the joint. Autologous chondrocyte implantation: Culturing and implanting a patient's own cartilage cells.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce joint stress.
• Engaging in low-impact exercises to strengthen muscles around the joint.
• Using proper techniques and equipment during sports and activities.
• Avoiding repetitive stress on joints.

Related Pages

• Cartilage
• Joint
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Physical therapy
• Arthroscopy