Articular cartilage injuries

Articular cartilage injuries are a common type of joint injury that affects the smooth, white tissue covering the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage allows bones to glide over each other with minimal friction, facilitating smooth movement. Damage to this cartilage can lead to pain, swelling, and impaired joint function.

Anatomy of Articular Cartilage

Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue found in synovial joints. It is composed of chondrocytes, collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water. The primary function of articular cartilage is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low-friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low wear rate.

Causes of Articular Cartilage Injuries

Articular cartilage injuries can result from various causes, including:

• Trauma: Direct impact or a sudden twist can damage the cartilage.
• Degenerative joint diseases: Conditions such as osteoarthritis can lead to the gradual breakdown of cartilage.
• Repetitive stress: Overuse injuries from repetitive motions can wear down the cartilage over time.
• Genetic factors: Some individuals may have a predisposition to cartilage injuries due to genetic factors.

Symptoms

The symptoms of articular cartilage injuries can vary depending on the severity and location of the injury. Common symptoms include:

• Joint pain
• Swelling
• Stiffness
• Decreased range of motion
• Joint locking or catching

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of articular cartilage injuries typically involves a combination of:

• Physical examination
• Medical history
• Imaging studies such as X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Computed Tomography (CT) scans

Treatment

Treatment options for articular cartilage injuries depend on the severity of the injury and the patient's overall health. They may include:

• Conservative management: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.
• Surgical interventions: Procedures such as microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS) may be considered for more severe injuries.

Prognosis

The prognosis for articular cartilage injuries varies. While minor injuries may heal with conservative treatment, more severe injuries may require surgical intervention and extensive rehabilitation. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of articular cartilage injuries include:

• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Engaging in regular, low-impact exercise
• Using proper techniques during physical activities
• Wearing appropriate protective gear during sports

Related Pages

• Cartilage
• Synovial joint
• Osteoarthritis
• Chondrocyte
• Physical therapy
• Microfracture surgery
• Autologous chondrocyte implantation