Liver support system
(Redirected from Artificial extracorporeal liver support)
Liver support system
A liver support system is a medical device or therapy designed to assist or replace the function of a failing liver. These systems are crucial in the management of patients with acute liver failure or chronic liver disease awaiting liver transplantation. Liver support systems can be broadly categorized into artificial and bioartificial systems.
Types of Liver Support Systems[edit | edit source]
Artificial Liver Support Systems[edit | edit source]
Artificial liver support systems are mechanical devices that perform some of the liver's functions. These systems include:
- Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS): A dialysis-based system that removes toxins from the blood.
- Prometheus: A system that combines albumin dialysis with high-flux hemodialysis to detoxify the blood.
Bioartificial Liver Support Systems[edit | edit source]
Bioartificial liver support systems incorporate living cells to perform the liver's metabolic and synthetic functions. These systems include:
- HepatAssist: A system that uses porcine hepatocytes to provide liver function.
- ELAD (Extracorporeal Liver Assist Device): A system that uses human liver-derived cells to support liver function.
Indications[edit | edit source]
Liver support systems are indicated for patients with:
- Acute liver failure
- Chronic liver disease with acute decompensation
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction
- Bridging to liver transplantation
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Liver support systems work by:
- Removing toxins such as ammonia, bilirubin, and bile acids from the blood.
- Providing synthetic functions such as albumin production.
- Supporting metabolic functions including urea cycle and gluconeogenesis.
Clinical Outcomes[edit | edit source]
The use of liver support systems has shown to improve:
- Survival rates in patients with acute liver failure.
- Quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease.
- Neurological function in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Limitations[edit | edit source]
Despite their benefits, liver support systems have limitations, including:
- High cost
- Limited availability
- Risk of infection and other complications
- Variable efficacy depending on the underlying liver condition
Future Directions[edit | edit source]
Research is ongoing to improve the efficacy and accessibility of liver support systems. Future directions include:
- Development of more efficient bioartificial systems using stem cells.
- Integration of nanotechnology for better toxin removal.
- Personalized medicine approaches to tailor liver support therapy to individual patient needs.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
