Arundo

Arundo.donax1web

Arundo is a genus of tall perennial rhizomatous grasses in the family Poaceae, commonly known as giant reeds. The genus is native to the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East, but species have been introduced to many other parts of the world. The most well-known species is Arundo donax, also known as giant reed or Spanish cane.

Description

Arundo species are large, robust grasses that can grow up to 10 meters in height. They have hollow stems, similar to bamboo, and broad, lanceolate leaves. The inflorescence is a large, feathery panicle that can be up to 60 cm long. The plants spread primarily through their rhizomes, which can form dense clonal colonies.

Habitat

Arundo species typically grow in riparian zones, wetlands, and other areas with abundant water. They are highly adaptable and can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions, including drought and saline soils.

Ecological Impact

In regions where Arundo species have been introduced, they can become invasive, outcompeting native vegetation and altering ecosystems. Arundo donax is particularly notorious for its aggressive growth and ability to dominate waterways, leading to reduced biodiversity and changes in hydrology.

Uses

Arundo species have various uses, including:

• Construction material: The stems are used for making reeds for musical instruments, such as the oboe and clarinet.
• Biofuel: The high biomass production makes it a potential source for bioenergy.
• Erosion control: The extensive root system helps stabilize soil in erosion-prone areas.

Control and Management

Managing invasive Arundo species involves a combination of mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. Mechanical removal can be effective but is labor-intensive. Chemical treatments with herbicides can control growth but may have environmental side effects. Biological control methods are being researched, including the use of natural predators and pathogens.

Species

The genus Arundo includes several species, among which the most notable are:

• Arundo donax - Giant reed
• Arundo plinii - Pliny's reed

Related Pages

• Poaceae
• Invasive species
• Riparian zone
• Biofuel
• Erosion control