Arylcyclohexylamines

Arylcyclohexylamines are a large family of psychedelic and dissociative drugs. They are named for their structures which include a cyclohexylamine unit with an aryl moiety attachment. The class includes ketamine, PCP, and methoxetamine.

History

The first arylcyclohexylamines were discovered in the late 1950s. Phencyclidine (PCP), the first to be synthesized, was initially developed as a surgical anesthetic but was later withdrawn due to its potent hallucinogenic effects. Ketamine, another arylcyclohexylamine, was discovered in the 1960s and is still used today as an anesthetic and for pain control in humans and animals.

Pharmacology

Arylcyclohexylamines are primarily known for their NMDA receptor antagonist activity. They also have various effects on the dopamine and serotonin systems, which contribute to their psychedelic effects. Some members of this family, such as PCP and its analogues, have been reported to have additional actions.

Effects

The effects of arylcyclohexylamines can vary greatly depending on the specific drug and dosage, but they generally include dissociation, hallucination, and euphoria. Some can also cause analgesia, amnesia, and ataxia. At high doses, they can cause severe health problems such as psychosis, delirium, and death.

Legal status

Many arylcyclohexylamines are controlled substances in various countries. In the United States, PCP is a Schedule II controlled substance, and many of its analogues are Schedule I. In the United Kingdom, many are Class B or Class C drugs.

See also

• Dissociative
• Psychedelic drug
• Hallucinogen
• NMDA receptor antagonist

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