Asthma + Lung UK

Asthma
Asthma.jpg
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness
Complications	N/A
Onset	Childhood or adulthood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic and environmental factors
Risks	Allergies, air pollution, obesity, family history
Diagnosis	Spirometry, peak flow measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Inhalers, corticosteroids, bronchodilators
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	300 million (worldwide)
Deaths	N/A

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. It is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life.

Pathophysiology

Asthma involves the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. In people with asthma, the walls of the airways become inflamed and swollen, and the muscles around the airways tighten when something triggers the symptoms. This makes it difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs, causing symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Triggers

Common triggers for asthma include:

• Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander
• Respiratory infections like the common cold
• Physical activity, especially in cold air
• Air pollutants and irritants such as smoke
• Weather conditions, such as cold air or sudden changes in weather
• Strong emotions and stress

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of asthma is based on a combination of medical history, physical examination, and lung function tests. Key diagnostic tools include:

• Spirometry: This test measures the amount and speed of air a person can exhale after a deep breath, which helps assess the narrowing of the bronchial tubes.
• Peak flow measurement: This test measures the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and can help monitor asthma control.
• Allergy testing: Identifying specific allergens that trigger asthma symptoms can be helpful in managing the condition.

Management

Asthma management involves avoiding known triggers and using medications to control symptoms and prevent attacks. The main types of medications used include:

• Inhaled corticosteroids: These are the most effective long-term control medications for asthma. They reduce inflammation in the airways and help prevent symptoms.
• Bronchodilators: These medications relax the muscles around the airways. Short-acting bronchodilators provide quick relief of symptoms, while long-acting bronchodilators are used for ongoing control.
• Leukotriene modifiers: These oral medications help control asthma symptoms by blocking the action of certain chemicals in the immune system.

Prognosis

With proper management, most people with asthma can achieve good control of their symptoms and maintain a normal, active life. However, asthma can be a serious condition, and severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Asthma and Lung UK

Lung UK is a leading charity in the United Kingdom dedicated to supporting people with lung conditions, including asthma. The organization provides resources, support, and advocacy for individuals affected by asthma and works to improve the understanding and treatment of lung diseases.

See also

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Allergy
• Pulmonology

Classification
External resources