Asthma attack

Asthma Attack

An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms caused by the tightening of muscles around your airways (bronchospasm). During the asthma attack, the lining of the airways also becomes swollen or inflamed and thicker mucus — more than normal — is produced. All of these factors — bronchospasm, inflammation, and mucus production — cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and difficulty performing normal daily activities. Other symptoms of an asthma attack might include severe wheezing when breathing both in and out; coughing that won't stop; very rapid breathing; chest tightness or pressure; tightened neck and chest muscles, called retractions; difficulty talking and feelings of anxiety or panic.

Causes

An asthma attack can occur as a result of exposure to allergens or irritants, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Other triggers can include cold air, extreme emotional arousal such as anger or fear, physical exercise, and viral infections such as the common cold.

Treatment

The primary treatment for an asthma attack is a fast-acting (rescue) inhaler such as albuterol. These medications relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to open up so air can flow through them. If a person doesn't have a rescue inhaler, they should go to the emergency room immediately. In some cases, a severe asthma attack can be life-threatening.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for an asthma attack include avoiding triggers, taking preventive medications as directed, monitoring symptoms and lung function, and having an updated asthma action plan.

See Also

• Asthma
• Bronchospasm
• Inhaler
• Allergen
• Irritant

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