Ativan

Ativan

Ativan (generic name: lorazepam) is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is commonly used for its anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle relaxant properties. Ativan is often prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures, among other conditions.

Pharmacology

Ativan works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it reduces neuronal excitability. By increasing GABA activity, Ativan helps to calm the nervous system, leading to its sedative and anxiolytic effects.

Indications

Ativan is primarily indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. It is also used as a premedication for anesthesia, to treat status epilepticus, and for the management of acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Anxiety Disorders

Ativan is effective in treating various anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. It is often used when rapid relief of anxiety symptoms is required.

Insomnia

Due to its sedative properties, Ativan is sometimes prescribed for short-term management of insomnia, particularly when it is associated with anxiety.

Seizures

Ativan is used in the acute management of seizures, particularly status epilepticus, due to its rapid onset of action when administered intravenously.

Dosage and Administration

Ativan is available in oral tablet form, as well as an injectable form. The dosage of Ativan varies depending on the condition being treated, the patient's age, and their response to the medication. It is important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions when taking Ativan to minimize the risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Ativan include drowsiness, dizziness, tiredness, blurred vision, and unsteadiness. More serious side effects can occur, such as respiratory depression, especially when combined with other central nervous system depressants.

Dependence and Withdrawal

Long-term use of Ativan can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation. Withdrawal symptoms may include anxiety, agitation, tremors, and, in severe cases, seizures. It is important to taper the dose gradually under medical supervision to minimize withdrawal effects.

Contraindications

Ativan is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, in those with acute narrow-angle glaucoma, and in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency.

Interactions

Ativan can interact with other medications, including other central nervous system depressants, alcohol, and certain anticonvulsants. These interactions can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of respiratory depression.

See Also

• Benzodiazepine
• Anxiety disorder
• Insomnia
• Seizure

External Links

• Ativan on Drugs.com
• Mayo Clinic: Lorazepam