Atlantoaxial ligament

Atlantoaxial Ligament

The atlantoaxial ligament is a significant anatomical structure within the human body. It is part of the vertebral column, specifically located in the upper cervical spine. The ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae, known as the atlantoaxial joint.

Anatomy

The atlantoaxial ligament is composed of three distinct parts: the transverse ligament, the alar ligaments, and the apical ligament. Each of these components contributes to the overall function and stability of the atlantoaxial joint.

Transverse Ligament

The transverse ligament is the most substantial part of the atlantoaxial ligament. It stretches across the ring of the first cervical vertebra (the atlas) and holds the second cervical vertebra (the axis) in place.

Alar Ligaments

The alar ligaments are two small bands that extend from the sides of the dens, a bony projection of the axis, to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum, the large opening at the base of the skull.

Apical Ligament

The apical ligament is a small fibrous cord that extends from the tip of the dens to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.

Function

The primary function of the atlantoaxial ligament is to provide stability to the atlantoaxial joint. This joint allows for a significant amount of rotation in the neck, and the ligament helps to prevent excessive movement that could lead to injury.

Clinical Significance

Damage or degeneration of the atlantoaxial ligament can lead to instability of the atlantoaxial joint, which can result in a range of clinical conditions. These include atlantoaxial instability, atlantoaxial subluxation, and atlantoaxial dislocation. Treatment for these conditions often involves surgery to stabilize the joint.

See Also

• Cervical vertebrae
• Ligament
• Spinal cord