Atnaa
Auto-injector for nerve agent poisoning
AtnAA
This medical device related article is a stub.
Atnaa (Antidote Treatment Nerve Agent Auto-Injector) is a medical device used for the treatment of nerve agent poisoning. It is an auto-injector that delivers a combination of atropine and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM) to counteract the effects of nerve agents.
Components[edit | edit source]
The AtnAA auto-injector contains two main components:
- Atropine: An anticholinergic drug that blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, helping to reduce the symptoms of nerve agent poisoning.
- Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM): A cholinesterase reactivator that helps to restore the normal function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is inhibited by nerve agents.
Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]
Nerve agents inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to an accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. This results in continuous stimulation of muscles, glands, and central nervous system structures, causing symptoms such as muscle twitching, seizures, and respiratory failure. The combination of atropine and pralidoxime chloride in AtnAA works synergistically to counteract these effects:
- Atropine blocks the excessive acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, reducing secretions, and relaxing smooth muscles.
- Pralidoxime chloride reactivates acetylcholinesterase, allowing it to break down acetylcholine and restore normal nerve function.
Usage[edit | edit source]
Atnaa is typically used by military personnel, first responders, and medical professionals in situations where exposure to nerve agents is suspected. The auto-injector is designed for rapid administration, allowing for quick treatment in emergency situations.
Administration[edit | edit source]
The AtnAA auto-injector is administered intramuscularly, usually into the outer thigh. The device is designed for ease of use, with instructions provided to ensure proper administration even under stressful conditions.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Nerve agent
- Atropine
- Pralidoxime chloride
- Auto-injector
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Anticholinergic
- Cholinesterase reactivator
See Also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
