Attrition (dental)

Attrition (dental) is a form of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces. Tooth wear is a physiological process and is commonly seen as a normal part of aging. Advanced and excessive wear and tooth tissue loss can be defined as pathological in nature, requiring intervention by a dental professional.

Causes

The primary cause of dental attrition is tooth-to-tooth contact, which can occur during bruxism (teeth grinding) or during normal mastication (chewing). Other factors that can contribute to dental attrition include malocclusion (misaligned teeth), certain dietary habits, and some oral habits such as pipe smoking or nail biting.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dental attrition can include tooth sensitivity, due to the wearing away of the enamel, exposing the underlying dentin. Other symptoms can include changes in tooth shape or length, toothache, and in severe cases, tooth loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of dental attrition is typically made by a dental professional during a routine dental examination. The dentist may observe signs of wear on the biting surfaces of the teeth, or the patient may report symptoms such as tooth sensitivity or toothache.

Treatment

Treatment for dental attrition can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, treatment can include dental restorations such as fillings, crowns, or veneers to restore the shape and function of the teeth. In cases where bruxism is the cause of attrition, treatment may also include measures to manage this condition, such as the use of a night guard.

Prevention

Prevention of dental attrition can include measures to manage bruxism, such as stress management techniques or the use of a night guard. Regular dental check-ups can also help to identify and manage the condition early.