Auer

Auer rods are a type of cytoplasmic inclusion found in the granulocytes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They were first described by the Austrian pathologist John Auer in 1906. Auer rods are considered a hallmark of AML and are particularly common in the myeloblasts of patients with AML-M2 and AML-M3 subtypes.

Structure and Composition

Auer rods are elongated, needle-like structures that are typically 2-3 micrometers in length. They are composed of fused lysosomes and contain a variety of enzymes, including myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase. The presence of these enzymes gives Auer rods their characteristic reddish-purple color when stained with Wright's stain or Giemsa stain.

Clinical Significance

The presence of Auer rods in a blood or bone marrow sample is a significant finding that strongly suggests a diagnosis of AML. However, they can also be seen in other types of myeloproliferative disorders, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In rare cases, Auer rods may be seen in non-malignant conditions, such as vitamin B12 deficiency and infectious mononucleosis.

Diagnosis

Auer rods are typically identified through microscopic examination of a blood smear or bone marrow biopsy sample. They appear as reddish-purple, rod-like structures within the cytoplasm of myeloblasts or other granulocytes. The presence of multiple Auer rods within a single cell, known as a "faggot cell", is a particularly strong indicator of AML.

Treatment

The presence of Auer rods does not directly influence the treatment of AML or other myeloproliferative disorders. However, their presence can help confirm a diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. Treatment for AML typically involves chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of both.

See Also

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Myeloblast
• Myeloperoxidase
• John Auer

Auer Resources
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