Aurones

Aurones are a type of polyphenolic compound found in various plant species. They are part of the larger class of flavonoids, which are known for their diverse array of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Aurones are characterized by their unique structure, which consists of two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon chain.

Structure and Synthesis

The basic structure of aurones consists of two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by a three-carbon chain. The A ring is typically a benzofuran or benzopyran ring, while the B ring is usually a phenyl ring. The position and number of hydroxyl groups on the rings can vary, leading to a wide range of aurone derivatives.

Aurones are synthesized in plants through the phenylpropanoid pathway, a complex series of reactions that also produces other flavonoids. The key step in aurone synthesis is the oxidation of chalcones, which is catalyzed by the enzyme aurone synthase.

Biological Activities

Aurones have been found to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Many of these activities are attributed to their ability to scavenge free radicals, making them potent antioxidants. They also have anti-inflammatory properties, and can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

In addition, aurones have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Some aurones have also shown anticancer activity, by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibiting angiogenesis.

Occurrence and Uses

Aurones are found in a variety of plant species, including members of the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Scrophulariaceae families. They are often responsible for the yellow color of flowers in these plants.

In traditional medicine, plants containing aurones have been used for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. More recently, aurones have been investigated for their potential use in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See Also

• Flavonoids
• Phenylpropanoid pathway
• Antioxidants
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antimicrobial