Autologous blood

Autologous blood refers to blood that is derived from the same individual who will later receive it as a transfusion. This practice is commonly used in medicine to reduce the risk of blood transfusion reactions and the transmission of infectious diseases.

History

The concept of autologous blood transfusion has been in existence since the early 19th century. However, it was not until the 20th century that the practice became more widespread due to advancements in medical technology and understanding of blood physiology.

Types

There are three main types of autologous blood transfusions: preoperative autologous donation (PAD), acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), and intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage.

Preoperative Autologous Donation

In preoperative autologous donation (PAD), blood is collected from the patient before surgery and stored for use during or after the operation. This is typically done for surgeries where significant blood loss is expected.

Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution

Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) involves the removal of blood from the patient immediately before surgery, with simultaneous replacement of volume with crystalloid or colloid solutions. The blood is then returned to the patient during or after surgery.

Intraoperative and Postoperative Blood Salvage

In intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage, blood lost during and after surgery is collected, processed, and returned to the patient. This can be done manually or with the use of a cell salvage machine.

Benefits and Risks

Autologous blood transfusions have several benefits, including the elimination of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections and transfusion reactions. However, they also carry risks, such as the potential for administrative errors and the physiological effects of acute anemia.

See Also

• Blood transfusion
• Blood donation
• Blood physiology