Avian encephalomyelitis

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE), also known as epidemic tremors, is a viral disease that primarily affects poultry species such as chickens, turkeys, and pheasants. The disease is caused by the avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), a member of the Picornaviridae family.

Etiology

The avian encephalomyelitis virus is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. It is resistant to environmental conditions and can survive for long periods in the environment. The virus is transmitted vertically from infected hens to their offspring through the eggs, and horizontally through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated materials.

Clinical signs

The clinical signs of avian encephalomyelitis vary depending on the age of the birds. In young chicks, the disease is characterized by tremors, ataxia, and paralysis. In laying hens, the disease can cause a drop in egg production and the production of poor quality eggs.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of avian encephalomyelitis is based on the clinical signs, histopathology, and the detection of the virus in the affected tissues. The virus can be detected by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology.

Treatment and control

There is no specific treatment for avian encephalomyelitis. The control of the disease is based on biosecurity measures, the removal of infected birds, and vaccination. Vaccines are available for the prevention of the disease in poultry flocks.

Economic impact

Avian encephalomyelitis can have a significant economic impact on the poultry industry due to the loss of egg production and the cost of control measures.

See also

• Poultry diseases
• Viral diseases
• Picornaviridae