Azoles

Azoles are a class of antifungal drugs that are used to treat a variety of fungal infections. They work by inhibiting the production of ergosterol, a component of the fungal cell membrane. Without ergosterol, the fungal cell cannot maintain its structure and function, leading to its death.

Types of Azoles

Azoles are divided into two main groups: imidazoles and triazoles.

• Imidazoles include drugs such as clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole. These are typically used to treat skin and mucous membrane infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and vaginal yeast infections.

• Triazoles include drugs such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. These are typically used to treat more serious, systemic fungal infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis.

Mechanism of Action

Azoles work by inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of ergosterol. By inhibiting this enzyme, azoles prevent the production of ergosterol, leading to a disruption of the fungal cell membrane and ultimately the death of the fungal cell.

Side Effects

Like all drugs, azoles can cause side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rash. In rare cases, azoles can cause serious side effects such as liver damage and heart problems.

Resistance

Fungal resistance to azoles is a growing concern. Resistance can occur through several mechanisms, including changes in the target enzyme, overexpression of efflux pumps, and alterations in other components of the fungal cell membrane.

See Also

• Antifungal drug
• Fungal infection
• Drug resistance

Azoles Resources
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