Aztec sweet herb

Aztec Sweet Herb (Phyla scaberrima, synonym Lippia dulcis) is a perennial herb native to Central America, particularly in regions that were once part of the Aztec Empire. Known for its intense sweetness, the Aztec Sweet Herb has been utilized for centuries both as a sweetener and for medicinal purposes. Its sweetness is attributed to the compound hernandulcin, which was discovered in 1985 and is significantly sweeter than sucrose but without the calories, making it of interest for sugar-free sweetening applications.

Description

The Aztec Sweet Herb is a small, sprawling plant that prefers tropical climates. It has small, oval leaves and produces tiny white flowers. The plant is most notable for its sweet-tasting leaves, which have been used by indigenous peoples since pre-Columbian times. The sweetness of the leaves comes from a compound called hernandulcin, which is a sesquiterpene glycoside.

History

The use of Aztec Sweet Herb dates back to the Aztec civilization, where it was valued both for its sweetness and medicinal properties. The Aztecs used it to sweeten cacao drinks and for various medicinal purposes, including as a treatment for coughs and colds. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the herb continued to be used in Mexico for similar purposes but remained relatively unknown outside of the Americas until the discovery of hernandulcin in the 20th century.

Cultivation

Aztec Sweet Herb is grown in tropical and subtropical climates. It requires well-drained soil and partial to full sunlight. The plant is propagated through cuttings or seeds and is known for its rapid growth and spreading habit. In regions outside its native habitat, it is often grown in containers to manage its spread and protect it from colder temperatures.

Uses

Culinary

The leaves of the Aztec Sweet Herb are used as a natural sweetener. They can be eaten fresh, dried, or used to sweeten beverages and foods. The intense sweetness of the leaves, due to the presence of hernandulcin, makes it a potent sweetener, and thus, it is used sparingly.

Medicinal

Traditionally, the Aztec Sweet Herb has been used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments. It has been used as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory, and to treat respiratory conditions. However, scientific research on its medicinal properties is limited.

Current Research

Research into Aztec Sweet Herb and its active compound, hernandulcin, focuses on its potential as a natural, calorie-free sweetener. Studies are exploring its safety, sweetness profile, and possible effects on human health.

Conservation

As a plant of historical and cultural significance, efforts are being made to conserve Aztec Sweet Herb, especially in its native regions. Its cultivation in home gardens and botanical gardens contributes to its preservation and allows for ongoing research and use.