Azurophilic granule
Azurophilic granules are a type of granule found in neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell. They are named for their affinity for azure dyes, and are also known as primary granules.
Structure and Composition[edit | edit source]
Azurophilic granules are large, dense granules that are easily visible under a light microscope. They are composed of a variety of proteins, including myeloperoxidase, defensin, lysozyme, and elastase. These proteins are involved in the neutrophil's ability to kill and digest pathogens.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of azurophilic granules is to aid in the destruction of pathogens. When a neutrophil encounters a pathogen, it engulfs the pathogen in a process called phagocytosis. The azurophilic granules then fuse with the phagosome, releasing their contents and killing the pathogen.
In addition to their role in pathogen destruction, azurophilic granules also play a role in inflammation. The proteins they release can attract other immune cells to the site of infection, amplifying the immune response.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Abnormalities in azurophilic granules can lead to a variety of diseases. For example, a lack of myeloperoxidase, one of the proteins found in azurophilic granules, can lead to a condition called myeloperoxidase deficiency, which can result in increased susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections.
In addition, mutations in the gene that encodes elastase can lead to a condition called neutrophil elastase deficiency, which can result in severe congenital neutropenia, a condition characterized by a low number of neutrophils.
See Also[edit | edit source]
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