Bannwarth syndrome

Bannwarth Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder primarily characterized by lymphocytic pleocytosis, painful radiculitis, and varying degrees of peripheral facial palsy. It was first described by the German neurologist Alfred Bannwarth in 1941.

Etiology

Bannwarth Syndrome is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Ixodes ticks. The bacterium is the same one that causes Lyme disease, making Bannwarth Syndrome a neurological manifestation of late-stage Lyme disease.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with Bannwarth Syndrome typically present with severe pain in the neck and shoulders, which can radiate to the arms and legs. This is often accompanied by peripheral facial palsy, which can affect one or both sides of the face. Other symptoms can include meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Bannwarth Syndrome is primarily based on clinical presentation and history of tick exposure. Laboratory tests can include serology for Borrelia burgdorferi and lumbar puncture to detect lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Treatment

Treatment for Bannwarth Syndrome typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as doxycycline, ceftriaxone, or penicillin. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for Bannwarth Syndrome is generally good. Most patients experience a full recovery, although some may have residual neurological deficits.

See Also

• Lyme disease
• Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease
• Borrelia burgdorferi
• Ixodes ticks

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External links

• Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
  

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