Lymphocytic pleocytosis

Lymphocytic pleocytosis is a medical condition characterized by an increased number of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is often associated with viral infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, but can also be seen in other conditions like multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Causes

Lymphocytic pleocytosis is typically caused by an immune response to an infection or other disease process. The most common causes include:

• Viral infections: These are the most common cause of lymphocytic pleocytosis. Viruses that can cause this condition include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus.
• Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome can cause lymphocytic pleocytosis.
• Neoplasms: Certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma, can cause lymphocytic pleocytosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lymphocytic pleocytosis can vary depending on the underlying cause. They may include:

• Headache
• Fever
• Neck stiffness
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion or altered mental status

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphocytic pleocytosis is typically made through a lumbar puncture, which allows for the collection and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. The presence of an increased number of lymphocytes in the CSF is indicative of this condition.

Treatment

Treatment for lymphocytic pleocytosis is primarily aimed at addressing the underlying cause. This may involve antiviral medications for viral infections, immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases, or chemotherapy for neoplasms.

See also

• Lymphocyte
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Lumbar puncture

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