Basic human needs
Basic Human Needs
Basic human needs are the essential elements required for human survival and well-being. These needs are fundamental to human life and are often categorized into physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs, as described by Abraham Maslow in his Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Understanding these needs is crucial for fields such as medicine, psychology, and sociology.
Physiological Needs[edit | edit source]
Physiological needs are the basic requirements for human survival. They include:
- Air: Humans need a constant supply of oxygen to survive. The respiratory system facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Water: Water is essential for maintaining bodily functions, including digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation.
- Food: Nutrients from food provide energy and are necessary for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
- Shelter: Protection from environmental elements such as extreme temperatures and weather conditions is necessary for survival.
- Sleep: Adequate rest is crucial for physical and mental health, allowing the body to repair and rejuvenate.
Safety Needs[edit | edit source]
Once physiological needs are met, safety needs become a priority. These include:
- Personal Security: Protection from physical harm and threats.
- Financial Security: Stable income and resources to meet basic living expenses.
- Health and Well-being: Access to healthcare and a safe living environment.
- Safety Nets: Social systems that provide support during times of crisis, such as unemployment or illness.
Social Needs[edit | edit source]
Social needs involve the desire for interpersonal relationships and community. These include:
- Friendship: Companionship and social interaction are important for emotional well-being.
- Family: Family provides support, love, and a sense of belonging.
- Intimacy: Close relationships and emotional connections with others.
- Community: Being part of a group or society that shares common interests and values.
Esteem Needs[edit | edit source]
Esteem needs are related to the desire for respect and recognition. These include:
- Self-Esteem: Confidence in one's abilities and self-worth.
- Recognition: Acknowledgment and appreciation from others.
- Achievement: Accomplishing goals and gaining a sense of competence.
Self-Actualization[edit | edit source]
Self-actualization is the realization of one's potential and the pursuit of personal growth and fulfillment. It involves:
- Creativity: Engaging in creative activities and expressing oneself.
- Problem Solving: The ability to find solutions to challenges and obstacles.
- Personal Growth: Continuous development and self-improvement.
- Purpose: Finding meaning and purpose in life.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD