Basolateral membrane

Basolateral Membrane

The basolateral membrane is a critical component of epithelial cells, which are cells that line the surfaces of organs and structures throughout the body. This membrane is distinct from the apical membrane, which faces the lumen or outside of the organ. The basolateral membrane, on the other hand, faces the interstitial fluid and is adjacent to the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue.

Structure

The basolateral membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer that contains various proteins, including channels, transporters, and receptors. These proteins are essential for the membrane's function, allowing for the selective transport of ions and molecules between the cell and the surrounding tissue.

Function

The primary functions of the basolateral membrane include:

• Transport of Ions and Molecules: The basolateral membrane contains various transport proteins that facilitate the movement of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, as well as other molecules like glucose and amino acids. This transport is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and for the function of epithelial tissues.

• Cell Signaling: Receptors located on the basolateral membrane can bind to hormones and other signaling molecules, initiating intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell function and communication.

• Cell Adhesion: The basolateral membrane is involved in cell adhesion, helping to maintain the structural integrity of tissues by connecting cells to the extracellular matrix and to each other.

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction of the basolateral membrane can lead to various diseases and conditions. For example, mutations in transport proteins can result in disorders such as cystic fibrosis or Bartter syndrome. Understanding the role of the basolateral membrane in these conditions is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Also see

• Apical membrane
• Epithelial cell
• Cell membrane
• Transport protein
• Extracellular matrix

Cell biology