Beta-carotene

Beta-carotene is a pigment found in plants that gives yellow and orange fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors. It is a member of the carotenoids, which are highly pigmented (red, orange, yellow), fat-soluble compounds naturally present in many fruits, grains, oils, and vegetables (green plants, carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, apricots, and green peppers).

Structure and Properties

Beta-carotene is composed of two identical structures, each containing a hydrocarbon chain with alternating single and double bonds. This structure allows it to absorb light, which contributes to its strong coloring. It is a lipophilic compound, meaning it is soluble in fats and oils but not in water.

Health Benefits

Beta-carotene is a provitamin A carotenoid. It can be converted into vitamin A in the body, which is essential for growth and development, immune system function, and vision. Beta-carotene also has antioxidant properties, which means it can protect the body from damaging molecules called free radicals.

Dietary Sources

The best dietary sources of beta-carotene are fruits and vegetables that are bright orange or yellow, or leafy, dark green vegetables. Some of the best sources include carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale, and butternut squash.

Safety and Side Effects

While beta-carotene is generally considered safe when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods, high doses of beta-carotene supplements have been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer in smokers and people who have been heavily exposed to asbestos.

See Also

• Vitamin A
• Carotenoids
• Antioxidants
• Free radicals