Bilimbi

Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi), commonly known as the cucumber tree or tree sorrel, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree belonging to the family Oxalidaceae. It is closely related to the carambola or star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), but unlike the carambola, bilimbi fruits are distinctly sour and are used primarily for culinary purposes, especially in Southeast Asian and South American cuisines.

Description

The bilimbi tree is a small to medium-sized tree that typically grows 5 to 10 meters in height. Its leaves are pinnate, measuring 30-60cm in length, with 11-37 leaflets. The tree produces clusters of fragrant, small, red or purple flowers that develop directly on the trunk and older branches. The fruit is elongated, cylindrical, measures about 4-10 cm in length, and has a five-sided shape. The skin of the fruit is thin and waxy, turning from bright green to yellowish-green when ripe. The flesh contains a high concentration of oxalic acid, giving it a very sour taste.

Distribution and Habitat

Originally native to the Moluccas islands of Indonesia, the bilimbi tree has been widely cultivated in other tropical regions around the world, including the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, India, and Central and South America. It thrives in humid, tropical climates and is often found in home gardens and as an ornamental plant due to its attractive foliage and flowers.

Culinary Uses

Bilimbi is valued in many cuisines for its sour flavor, which is used as a natural souring agent. It is commonly used in soups, curries, and chutneys. In the Philippines, it is often added to dishes like sinigang for its sourness. In Malaysia and Indonesia, it is frequently used in dishes such as sambal, and in Seychelles, it is used to make a variety of chutneys. The fruit must be cooked or processed before consumption, as its raw form is too sour and acidic for most palates.

Medicinal Uses

Traditionally, bilimbi has been used in folk medicine across its native range to treat a variety of ailments. The fruit, leaves, and flowers of the bilimbi tree are believed to have medicinal properties. It has been used to treat conditions such as coughs, inflammation, and skin diseases. The fruit's high acid content also makes it useful as a natural cleaning agent for removing stains and polishing metal.

Cultivation

Bilimbi trees are propagated through seeds, cuttings, and grafting. They prefer well-drained, fertile soil and require regular watering, especially during the dry season. The tree is relatively low-maintenance and can produce fruit twice a year. However, it is sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate temperatures below freezing.

Conservation

While the bilimbi tree is not currently considered endangered, its habitat is threatened by deforestation and urbanization. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving traditional agricultural practices and promoting the cultivation of bilimbi in home gardens for its cultural and culinary value.

See Also

• Averrhoa carambola
• Tropical fruit
• Traditional medicine

Bilimbi Resources
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