Blissymbolics

Hypertension
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart disease, stroke, kidney failure
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Long term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, diet, lifestyle
Risks	Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms until it has caused significant damage to the heart and arteries. Some people with high blood pressure may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause of hypertension is often unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development, including:

• Genetics
• Unhealthy diet, particularly high salt intake
• Lack of physical activity
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking

Diagnosis

Hypertension is diagnosed by measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. A reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is generally considered high.

Treatment

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Reducing salt intake
• Engaging in regular physical activity
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Quitting smoking

Medications used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers.

Complications

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss

Prevention

Preventing hypertension involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

See Also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Blood pressure
• Heart attack

External Links

• World Health Organization: Hypertension
• CDC: High Blood PressureBlissymbolics is a semiotic language consisting of several hundred basic symbols, each representing a concept, which can be composed together to generate new symbols that represent new concepts. Blissymbolics was invented by Charles K. Bliss in the 1940s, with the aim of creating an international auxiliary language to facilitate communication between people of different linguistic backgrounds. Over time, it has found a more specific application as a means of communication for individuals with communication disorders, particularly those with cerebral palsy.

History

The development of Blissymbolics began in the 1940s by Charles K. Bliss, an Austrian-born chemical engineer who was inspired by his experiences during the World War II. Bliss aimed to create a universal language that could promote peace and understanding by transcending linguistic barriers. He was influenced by the ideographic and pictographic scripts of ancient civilizations, as well as the principles of semiotics, the study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior.

Principles

Blissymbolics is based on a set of basic symbols, or "Bliss-characters", which can be combined or modified to create new symbols representing new concepts. The language is ideographic, meaning that each symbol represents an idea rather than a word. This allows for the expression of a wide range of concepts without the need for a large vocabulary. The symbols are categorized into various groups, such as actions, objects, qualities, and quantities, facilitating their combination to express complex ideas.

Applications

While Blissymbolics was originally intended as a universal auxiliary language, its most significant application has been in the field of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). It has proven particularly useful for individuals with communication impairments, such as those with cerebral palsy, allowing them to express themselves and communicate with others through the use of Blissymbols. The symbols can be used in various formats, including printed materials, electronic communication devices, and computer software, making them accessible to a wide range of users.

Controversies and Challenges

Despite its innovative approach to communication, Blissymbolics has faced challenges in terms of widespread adoption. One of the main issues has been the proprietary nature of the symbols, which were copyrighted by Charles K. Bliss. This has limited the development and distribution of Blissymbolic materials and tools. Additionally, the ideographic nature of the language means that it requires users to learn and remember a significant number of symbols, which can be a barrier for some individuals.

Current Status

Today, Blissymbolics is maintained and promoted by the Blissymbolics Communication International (BCI), an organization dedicated to supporting the use of Blissymbols for communication, education, and research. BCI provides resources, training, and support for individuals and professionals using Blissymbolics, and works to develop new applications and technologies to enhance its accessibility and effectiveness.

See Also

• Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• Semiotics
• Universal language
• Cerebral Palsy

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