Blood Bank

Blood Bank

A blood bank is a center where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients. A blood bank may be a separate free-standing facility or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital.

History

The first non-direct transfusion was performed on March 27, 1914 by the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin, though this was a diluted solution of blood. The first blood transfusions were made directly from donor to receiver before coagulation was understood.

Blood Donation

Blood donation involves the process of a donor voluntarily having blood drawn for storage at a blood bank for later use. The process is called venipuncture, which is performed by a phlebotomist.

Blood Typing

Before blood is used for transfusion, it must be typed and cross-matched with the recipient's blood to minimize the risk of transfusion reaction. The two most significant blood grouping systems are the ABO system and the Rh system.

Blood Components

After donation, blood may be separated into multiple components, each with a different medical use. These components include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate.

Storage and Preservation

Blood and its components must be stored and transported under appropriate conditions and are subject to expiration dates.

Safety

Safety is a primary concern in blood banking. This includes the safety of the donor, the safety of the recipient, and the safety of the staff handling the blood products.

See Also

• Blood transfusion
• Blood donation
• Blood type
• Blood plasma
• Blood products