Blood Bank

Blood Bank

A blood bank is a center where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored, and prepared for transfusion to recipients. A blood bank may be a separate free-standing facility or part of a larger laboratory in a hospital.

History[edit | edit source]

The first non-direct transfusion was performed on March 27, 1914 by the Belgian doctor Albert Hustin, though this was a diluted solution of blood. The first blood transfusions were made directly from donor to receiver before coagulation was understood.

Blood Donation[edit | edit source]

Blood donation involves the process of a donor voluntarily having blood drawn for storage at a blood bank for later use. The process is called venipuncture, which is performed by a phlebotomist.

Blood Typing[edit | edit source]

Before blood is used for transfusion, it must be typed and cross-matched with the recipient's blood to minimize the risk of transfusion reaction. The two most significant blood grouping systems are the ABO system and the Rh system.

Blood Components[edit | edit source]

After donation, blood may be separated into multiple components, each with a different medical use. These components include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate.

Storage and Preservation[edit | edit source]

Blood and its components must be stored and transported under appropriate conditions and are subject to expiration dates.

Safety[edit | edit source]

Safety is a primary concern in blood banking. This includes the safety of the donor, the safety of the recipient, and the safety of the staff handling the blood products.