Blood sugar levels

Blood Sugar Levels
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Synonyms	Blood glucose levels
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Blood sugar levels, also known as blood glucose levels, refer to the concentration of glucose in the blood. Maintaining appropriate blood sugar levels is crucial for the body's overall health. Abnormal levels can be indicative of health issues, most notably diabetes.

Overview

Glucose is a vital source of energy for the body's cells. The regulation of glucose levels is primarily managed by hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which are produced in the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon increases glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose stored in the liver.

Measurement

Blood sugar levels are typically measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). The normal range for fasting blood sugar levels is generally between 70 and 100 mg/dL (3.9 and 5.6 mmol/L). Measurements can be taken through various methods, including traditional blood glucose meters and continuous glucose monitoring systems.

Regulation

The body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels is crucial for preventing both short-term and long-term health complications. In individuals with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces, leading to elevated blood sugar levels, or hyperglycemia. Conversely, hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels fall too low.

Health Implications

1. 1. 1. Hyperglycemia

Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.

1. 1. 1. Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia can cause a range of symptoms, including jitteriness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or seizures.

Management

Management of blood sugar levels involves a combination of lifestyle changes, monitoring, and possibly medication. For individuals with diabetes, this may include dietary management, physical activity, regular blood sugar monitoring, and the use of insulin or other glucose-lowering medications.

See also

• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyperglycemia
• Insulin
• Glucagon