Bone Cancer Research Trust

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Bone cancer is a rare form of cancer that begins in the bones. It can affect any bone in the body but most commonly occurs in the long bones of the arms and legs. Bone cancer can be classified into primary bone cancer, which originates in the bone, and secondary bone cancer, which spreads to the bone from another part of the body.

Types of Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is categorized into several types based on the type of cell where the cancer begins. The most common types include:

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone cancer. It typically occurs in the osteoblast cells that form new bone tissue. Osteosarcoma is most prevalent in teenagers and young adults.

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma originates in the cartilage cells and is the second most common type of primary bone cancer. It usually affects adults over the age of 40.

Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a rare cancer that occurs in the bones or in the soft tissue around the bones. It is most common in children and young adults.

Symptoms

The symptoms of bone cancer can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent bone pain
• Swelling and tenderness near the affected area
• Fractures due to weakened bones
• Fatigue
• Unintended weight loss

Diagnosis

Diagnosing bone cancer typically involves a combination of imaging tests and biopsies. Common diagnostic methods include:

• X-ray
• MRI
• CT scan
• Bone scan
• Biopsy

Treatment

Treatment for bone cancer depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: To remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue.
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
• Radiation therapy: The use of high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.

Prognosis

The prognosis for bone cancer varies based on several factors, including the type of cancer, its stage, and the patient's overall health. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Prevention

There are no known ways to prevent bone cancer, but reducing exposure to risk factors such as radiation and certain chemicals may help lower the risk.

Related pages

• Cancer
• Sarcoma
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma