Bone wax

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Bone Wax
File:Knochenwachs.jpg
A sterile stick of bone wax.
CompositionBeeswax with softening agents (e.g., paraffin, petroleum jelly)
Primary UseControl bleeding from bone surfaces during surgery
ApplicationSmearing across bleeding bone edge
MechanismTamponade effect causing immediate bone hemostasis


Bone wax is a specialized waxy substance designed to mechanically control bleeding from bone surfaces encountered during various surgical procedures. Derived predominantly from beeswax and integrated with softening agents, bone wax acts rapidly to achieve bone hemostasis through its tamponade effect.

Composition and Properties[edit | edit source]

Bone wax primarily consists of beeswax which provides the waxy consistency. To enhance its malleability, softening agents like paraffin or petroleum jelly are added. The amalgamation of these components gives bone wax its distinct texture suitable for surgical application.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Upon application to a bleeding bone surface, bone wax blocks the minuscule holes on the bone, leveraging its tamponade effect. This immediate blockage facilitates rapid hemostasis, halting the bleeding from the bone's surface.

Applications in Surgery[edit | edit source]

Bone wax plays an indispensable role in various surgical interventions, especially in orthopedic, neurosurgical, and thoracic surgeries, where bones might be cut or drilled. Its primary function is to stanch bleeding and provide a clear field for surgeons, minimizing blood loss and potential complications.

Preparation and Use[edit | edit source]

Commercially, bone wax is available in sterile sticks. Prior to its application:

  • The wax typically requires softening, which can be achieved by kneading with fingers.
  • Once softened, surgeons smear the bone wax across the bleeding edge of the bone.
  • The bone wax adheres to the surface, effectively blocking bleeding sites.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  • Surgical Hemostasis: A Comprehensive Approach. James P. Richardson, David L. Stoker. CRC Press, 2020.
  • Bone Wax: Properties, Uses, and Removal. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2018.
Bone wax Resources
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD