Bones of the pectoral girdle

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is a complex of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton. It consists of four bones: two clavicles (collarbones) and two scapulae (shoulder blades). The pectoral girdle provides attachment points for numerous muscles that allow for a wide range of shoulder and arm movements.

Structure

The pectoral girdle is made up of two symmetrical halves, each comprising a clavicle and a scapula.

Clavicle

The clavicle is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone), helping to stabilize the shoulder. It is S-shaped, with a medial end connecting to the sternum and a lateral end connecting to the scapula.

Scapula

The scapula is a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior side of the ribcage. It has three important processes: the acromion, the coracoid process, and the glenoid cavity. The acromion and coracoid process serve as attachment points for muscles, while the glenoid cavity articulates with the humerus (upper arm bone) to form the shoulder joint.

Function

The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide attachment points for the muscles that move the upper limbs. It also allows for a wide range of motion at the shoulder joint. The clavicles protect the neurovascular bundle that supplies the upper limb and help transmit forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the pectoral girdle, such as clavicle fractures or shoulder dislocations, are common due to its exposed position and the wide range of forces it transmits. Treatment varies depending on the severity of the injury but may include immobilization, physical therapy, or surgery.

See Also

• Upper limb
• Axial skeleton
• Musculoskeletal system
• Shoulder joint

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