Book

Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01

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Instructions of Shurrupak, Sumerian proverb collection, c. 2400 BC - Oriental Institute Museum, University of Chicago - DSC07114

BD Hunefer

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About WikiMD: The article, Book, is part of WikiMD.
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A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is a codex (plural, codices). In the history of handwritten manuscripts, a codex is a book constructed of a number of sheets of paper, vellum, papyrus, or similar materials, with hand-written content.

Etymology

The word "book" comes from Old English "bōc," which in turn comes from the Germanic root "*bōk-," cognate to "beech." In Slavic languages like Russian, "буква" (bukva—"letter") is cognate with "beech." Similarly, in Latin, "codex" means "block of wood."

History

Books have been used for centuries to record information and tell stories. The earliest known form of books were clay tablets used by the Sumerians around 2400 BCE. The Ancient Egyptians used papyrus scrolls, while the Greeks and Romans used parchment and vellum. The codex format, which is the format of modern books, was developed by the Romans in the 1st century CE. This format gradually replaced the scrolls used by earlier civilizations. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the production of books, making them more accessible to the general public.

Types of Books

Books can be categorized into various types based on their content and format:

• Fiction - Books that contain stories created from the imagination of the author.
• Non-fiction - Books that provide factual information or discuss real events.
• Textbooks - Educational books used in schools and universities.
• Reference books - Books such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, and atlases that provide factual information on various topics.
• Manuscripts - Handwritten books, often of historical or religious significance.

Components of a Book

A typical book consists of several key components:

• Cover - The outer protective layer of the book.
• Title page - The page that includes the title, author, and publisher information.
• Table of contents - A list of the book's chapters or sections.
• Preface - An introduction to the book, often written by the author.
• Body (text) - The main content of the book.
• Index - An alphabetical list of topics covered in the book, with page numbers.

Digital Books

With the advent of digital technology, books are now available in electronic formats known as e-books. These can be read on various devices such as e-readers, tablets, and smartphones. Digital books offer several advantages, including portability and the ability to store thousands of books on a single device.

Libraries and Bookstores

Books are commonly found in libraries and bookstores. Libraries provide access to a wide range of books for public use, while bookstores sell books to consumers. Both play a crucial role in the dissemination of knowledge and culture.

See also

• Literature
• Publishing
• Bookbinding
• Library science
• E-book
• Manuscript
• Printing press