Boselaphus

Nilgai at Ranthambore

Boselaphus is a genus of bovids, known commonly as the antelopes of the genus Boselaphus, which is native to India and Nepal. The genus comprises two species: the Nilgai or blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and the possibly extinct four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis). These species are significant both ecologically and culturally in their native ranges.

Description

Members of the genus Boselaphus are characterized by their large size, with the Nilgai being the larger of the two species. They have a robust body, slender legs, and a distinctive head shape with a sloping back. Males possess horns that are straight and pointed, although in the four-horned antelope, as the name suggests, there are two pairs of horns. The coat color varies between sexes; males are generally bluish-grey, while females and juveniles are tawny brown.

Habitat and Distribution

Boselaphus species are found in a variety of habitats, ranging from dry forests and scrublands to grassy plains. The Nilgai is predominantly found in India, with small populations in southern Nepal, while the four-horned antelope is restricted to India. Their habitat preferences can vary, but they are commonly associated with areas that offer both grazing and browsing opportunities.

Behavior

These antelopes are diurnal, with most of their activities occurring during the cooler parts of the day. They are known for their social structure, with Nilgai forming small groups of females and juveniles led by a dominant male, whereas the four-horned antelope tends to be more solitary or found in pairs. Both species are herbivorous, feeding on a mix of grasses, leaves, and buds.

Conservation Status

The conservation status of Boselaphus species varies. The Nilgai is classified as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its wide range and relatively stable population. However, it faces threats from habitat loss, hunting, and competition with livestock. The four-horned antelope's status is more precarious, with habitat loss and poaching being significant threats to its survival.

Cultural Significance

In their native regions, Boselaphus species hold cultural importance. The Nilgai, for example, is often seen in Indian mythology and folklore. Its name, derived from Hindi and meaning "blue cow," reflects its significance in the local culture. Despite this, the species is sometimes considered a pest due to its crop-raiding habits, leading to conflicts with farmers.

See Also

• Antelope
• Wildlife of India
• Conservation in India