Bovine herpesvirus 1
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Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant viral pathogen in cattle, causing a range of diseases collectively known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). It is a member of the Herpesviridae family, specifically classified under the genus Varicellovirus.
Virology[edit | edit source]
Bovine herpesvirus 1 is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome. It is part of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, which is characterized by a relatively short reproductive cycle, rapid spread in cell culture, and the ability to establish latent infections in sensory ganglia.
Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]
BoHV-1 primarily infects the respiratory tract of cattle, leading to symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and coughing. The virus can also cause genital infections, leading to infectious pustular vulvovaginitis in cows and infectious pustular balanoposthitis in bulls. In addition, BoHV-1 can lead to abortion in pregnant cows and contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), commonly known as "shipping fever."
Transmission[edit | edit source]
The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or through aerosolized respiratory secretions. It can also be spread via contaminated equipment or personnel. Latently infected animals can serve as reservoirs for the virus, reactivating and shedding the virus under stress or immunosuppression.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection can be achieved through various methods, including virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical signs and history of exposure are also important in diagnosing the disease.
Prevention and Control[edit | edit source]
Vaccination is the primary method of controlling BoHV-1 infections. Both modified live and inactivated vaccines are available and can reduce the severity of clinical signs and viral shedding. Biosecurity measures, such as quarantine of new animals and minimizing stress, are also important in preventing the spread of the virus.
Economic Impact[edit | edit source]
BoHV-1 infections can lead to significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to decreased productivity, increased veterinary costs, and trade restrictions. The impact is particularly severe in feedlots and dairy operations.
Also see[edit | edit source]
- Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
- Bovine respiratory disease complex
- Herpesviridae
- Viral diseases of cattle
Template:Viral diseases of animals
Template loop detected: Template:Herpesviridae
| Herpesviridae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Herpesviridae virion | |
| Taxonomy | |
| Kingdom | Virus |
| Order | Herpesvirales |
| Family | Herpesviridae |
| Genera | |
| Notable Species | |
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| Related Topics | |
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
