Braces (dental)

Braces (dental) are devices used in orthodontics that align and straighten teeth and help to position them with regard to a person's bite, while also aiming to improve dental health. Braces also fix gaps. They are often used to correct underbite, as well as malocclusions, overbite, open bite, deep bite, cross bite, crooked teeth, and various other flaws of the teeth and jaw. Braces can be either cosmetic or structural. Dental braces or orthodontic braces are often used in conjunction with other orthodontic appliances to help widen the palate or jaws and to otherwise assist in shaping the teeth and jaws.

Types of Braces

There are several types of braces, including:

• Traditional metal wired braces: These are made of stainless steel and sometimes in combination with titanium. They use a type of metal bracket that is attached to each tooth and a metal wire that runs through the brackets. The wire is periodically tightened by the orthodontist to gradually shift the teeth into the desired position.

• Ceramic braces: These work in the same way as traditional metal braces but are made of a clear, transparent ceramic material. The braces are less visible to others, making them a popular choice for adults who need orthodontic treatment.

• Lingual braces: These are attached to the back of the teeth (lingual side) and are not visible from the front. They are more difficult to clean and are usually more expensive than traditional braces.

• Invisalign: This is a type of clear aligner that is virtually invisible. It is a plastic form of dental braces used to adjust teeth.

How Braces Work

The basic principle behind braces involves the use of force over a period of time to slowly move teeth in a specific direction. As the teeth move, the bone changes shape as pressure is applied. Braces consist of the following components:

• Brackets: These are the small squares that are bonded directly to the front of each tooth with a special dental bonding agent or are attached to orthodontic bands. Brackets act like handles, holding the arch wires that move the teeth.

• Orthodontic bands: These are stainless steel, clear, or tooth-colored materials that are cemented to the teeth with dental bonding agents. They wrap around each tooth to provide an anchor for the brackets.

• Arch wires: These are the thin metal wires that are attached to the brackets and guide the movement of the teeth.

• Ties: These are small rubber rings or fine wires that fasten the arch wire to the brackets.

• Buccal tube: This is on the band of the last tooth. It provides an anchor to hold the end of the arch wire in place.

• Ligatures: Tiny elastic rubber bands or fine wires that hold the arch wire to the bracket.

• Springs: These may be placed on the arch wires between brackets to push, pull, open, or close the spaces between teeth.

Treatment and Care

Orthodontic treatment with braces is generally used for cosmetic as well as functional improvement in respect to teeth position. The treatment process can take anywhere from a few months to a few years, depending on the complexity of the case. Regular visits to the orthodontist are necessary to make adjustments to the braces and monitor progress.

Proper oral hygiene is crucial during the treatment period. Patients with braces should brush their teeth multiple times a day, floss regularly, and may need to use special tools such as water flossers or orthodontic toothbrushes to properly clean around the braces and under the wires.

Risks and Complications

While braces are generally safe, there can be some risks and complications, such as:

• Tooth decay or gum disease due to difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene.
• Shortening of root lengths.
• Loss of correction after the braces are removed if retainers are not worn as instructed.
• Mild discomfort or pain after adjustments.

Conclusion

Dental braces are a significant tool in orthodontics that help in correcting various dental issues, leading to improved dental health and aesthetics. With advancements in dental technology, there are now several types of braces available, catering to the needs and preferences of individuals.