Cross bite

Crossbite

A crossbite is a type of malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth, where the upper teeth fit inside of the lower teeth. This condition can affect a single tooth or groups of teeth and can occur on one or both sides of the mouth. Crossbites can involve the anterior (front) teeth, the posterior (back) teeth, or both.

Types of Crossbite

Crossbites are generally classified into two main types:

Anterior Crossbite

An anterior crossbite occurs when the upper front teeth sit behind the lower front teeth. This type of crossbite is often mistaken for an underbite, but it is important to distinguish between the two as they have different causes and treatment options.

Posterior Crossbite

A posterior crossbite occurs when the upper back teeth fall inside the lower back teeth. This can happen on one side of the mouth (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral).

Causes

Crossbites can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics: A family history of crossbites can increase the likelihood of developing this condition.
• Delayed Tooth Eruption: If primary teeth are lost prematurely or if permanent teeth erupt late, it can lead to misalignment.
• Jaw Misalignment: Discrepancies in the size or position of the jaws can contribute to crossbites.
• Habits: Prolonged thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, or pacifier use can affect the alignment of teeth and jaws.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a crossbite is typically made through a clinical examination by a dentist or orthodontist. Diagnostic tools may include:

• Visual Examination: Observing the alignment of the teeth and jaws.
• Dental Impressions: Creating models of the teeth to study their relationship.
• X-rays: Imaging to assess the position of the teeth and underlying bone structure.

Treatment

Treatment for crossbite depends on the severity and the age of the patient. Options include:

• Orthodontic Braces: Braces can be used to gradually move teeth into the correct position.
• Palatal Expanders: These devices are used to widen the upper jaw, particularly in children.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct jaw alignment.

Early intervention is often recommended to prevent complications such as uneven wear of the teeth, jaw pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

Complications

If left untreated, crossbites can lead to:

• Tooth Wear: Uneven pressure on teeth can cause them to wear down prematurely.
• Gum Disease: Misaligned teeth can make it difficult to maintain oral hygiene, increasing the risk of gum disease.
• Jaw Pain: Misalignment can lead to strain on the jaw muscles and joints.

Also see

• Malocclusion
• Orthodontics
• Temporomandibular joint disorder
• Dental braces