Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3

Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (BAI3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAI3 gene. It is a member of the BAI subfamily of the GPCR superfamily of proteins. BAI3 is primarily expressed in the brain, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of angiogenesis, the process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.

Function[edit | edit source]

BAI3 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family, which is characterized by an extended extracellular region with a variable number of protein domains coupled to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain. BAI3, like other members of the BAI subfamily, contains five Ig-like domains, a HormR domain, and a GPS domain.

BAI3 plays a significant role in the inhibition of angiogenesis. It is thought to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and migration, thus preventing the formation of new blood vessels. This function is particularly important in the brain, where excessive angiogenesis can lead to conditions such as brain tumors and cerebral edema.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Alterations in the BAI3 gene have been associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. In Alzheimer's disease, BAI3 is thought to play a role in the formation of amyloid plaques, which are a hallmark of the disease. In schizophrenia, alterations in the BAI3 gene may contribute to the cognitive deficits seen in the disorder.

Research[edit | edit source]

Research into BAI3 is ongoing, with a focus on understanding its role in neurological disorders and potential as a therapeutic target. Studies have suggested that BAI3 may also play a role in synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, which is crucial for learning and memory.