Neurochemistry

Neurochemistry is the specific study of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules such as neuro-active drugs that influence neuron function. This field within neuroscience is dedicated to the understanding of the functions of the nervous system through chemistry, specifically the processes and compounds that are involved in the nervous system.

Overview

The term "neurochemistry" was first coined in the 19th century by psychiatrists who were interested in the chemical composition of the brain. The field has since expanded to include the study of how different chemical reactions occur in nerve tissue and how these reactions relate to brain function.

Neurochemicals

Neurochemicals are organic molecules that participate in neural activity. The most prominent of these are the neurotransmitters, which are chemicals used by neurons to transmit signals across a synapse. Neurotransmitters include amino acids, peptides, and monoamines.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron (nerve cell) to another 'target' neuron. They are key components of the neural pathways which form the nervous system.

Neuro-active drugs

Neuro-active drugs are those that have an effect on the nervous system. These can include both legal and illegal substances, and they can have a variety of effects on the brain and body, depending on their specific chemical structure and the way they interact with the nervous system.

Research and applications

Research in neurochemistry has led to numerous applications in the areas of neurology, psychiatry, pharmacology, and toxicology. This research has been instrumental in the development of drugs used to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.

See also

• Neuroscience
• Neurobiology
• Neuropharmacology
• Psychopharmacology
• Neurophysiology