Branham's sign

Branham's Sign is a medical phenomenon observed in patients with certain cardiovascular conditions. Named after the American cardiologist, Nicholas J. Branham, it is also known as the Branham's phenomenon or Branham's reflex.

Definition

Branham's Sign is defined as a rapid decrease in heart rate following the rapid decompression of the carotid sinus. It is a physiological response that can be observed during certain medical examinations or procedures.

Physiology

The underlying physiology of Branham's Sign involves the baroreceptor reflex. Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch, are sensitive to changes in blood pressure. When these receptors detect a sudden decrease in pressure, as in the rapid decompression of the carotid sinus, they send signals to the cardiovascular center in the brainstem. This results in a decrease in heart rate, known as reflex bradycardia.

Clinical Significance

Branham's Sign is of clinical significance in the diagnosis and management of certain cardiovascular conditions. It is particularly useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected carotid sinus syndrome, a condition characterized by hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus. In these patients, manipulation of the carotid sinus can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, syncope, and even cardiac arrest. The presence of Branham's Sign in such patients can help confirm the diagnosis.

See Also

• Carotid sinus massage
• Carotid sinus syndrome
• Baroreceptor reflex
• Nicholas J. Branham

References

• Branham, N. J. (1924). The carotid sinus reflex in health and disease. American Heart Journal, 1(2), 153-167.
• Sutton, R., & Petersen, M. (2010). Carotid sinus syndrome. British Medical Journal, 340, c1838.