British megalith architecture

British Megalith Architecture

British megalith architecture refers to the prehistoric structures made of large stones, known as megaliths, found throughout the British Isles. These structures, which include stone circles, dolmens, and henges, were constructed during the Neolithic and early Bronze Age periods, roughly between 4000 BCE and 1500 BCE. They are significant for their historical, cultural, and archaeological value, providing insight into the lives and beliefs of prehistoric peoples.

Types of Megalithic Structures

Stone Circles

Stone circles are circular arrangements of standing stones. The most famous example is Stonehenge, located on Salisbury Plain in England. Stone circles were likely used for ceremonial or religious purposes, and their construction often aligns with astronomical events, such as solstices and equinoxes.

Dolmens

Dolmens, also known as portal tombs, consist of two or more vertical stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone. They were typically used as burial chambers. An example is the Poulnabrone dolmen in Ireland, although many similar structures exist in Britain.

Henges

Henges are circular earthworks with a ditch and bank, often containing stone or wooden circles. Unlike stone circles, henges are defined by their earthworks rather than the stones themselves. The Avebury henge is one of the largest and most well-known examples.

Construction Techniques

The construction of megalithic structures required significant effort and coordination. Stones were often transported over long distances, possibly using wooden rollers or sledges. The precise methods remain a topic of research and debate among archaeologists.

Cultural Significance

Megalithic structures are believed to have served various functions, including religious ceremonies, burial sites, and social gatherings. They reflect the complex social structures and spiritual beliefs of the communities that built them.

Notable Sites

• Stonehenge
• Avebury
• Callanish Stones
• Ring of Brodgar

Also see

• Neolithic Britain
• Bronze Age Britain
• Prehistoric Britain
• Celtic mythology