Bronchiolitis obliterans with obstructive pulmonary disease

Bronchiolitis Obliterans with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (BOOP), also known as Obliterative Bronchiolitis (OB), is a rare and severe lung condition characterized by the inflammation and obstruction of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages in the lungs. This condition can lead to significant respiratory distress and is considered a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Causes[edit | edit source]

Bronchiolitis Obliterans primarily results from lung injury caused by infection, organ transplantation, or exposure to toxic substances. Common causes include:

Viral infections such as Adenovirus or Influenza
Bacterial infections
Exposure to toxic gases, such as ammonia, chlorine, or sulfur dioxide
Complication of Bone Marrow Transplantation or Lung Transplantation
Reaction to certain medications

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of Bronchiolitis Obliterans may include:

Persistent cough
Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
Wheezing
Fatigue
Weight loss

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of Bronchiolitis Obliterans involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, including:

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), which show airflow obstruction
High-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the chest, revealing specific patterns of lung damage
Lung biopsy in some cases to confirm the diagnosis

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for Bronchiolitis Obliterans is primarily supportive and aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent further lung damage. Options may include:

Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Immunosuppressive drugs for cases related to transplant or autoimmune causes
Pulmonary Rehabilitation to improve lung function
Oxygen therapy for patients with low blood oxygen levels
In severe cases, Lung Transplantation may be considered

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for individuals with Bronchiolitis Obliterans varies. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve quality of life, but the condition is often progressive and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

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