Brucella ceti

Brucella ceti

Brucella ceti is a species of the genus Brucella, which is a group of gram-negative bacteria known to cause brucellosis in various animal hosts. Brucella ceti specifically infects cetaceans, such as dolphins and whales, and has been identified as a significant pathogen in marine mammal populations.

Taxonomy and Classification

Brucella ceti belongs to the family Brucellaceae within the order Rhizobiales. It is one of several species within the genus Brucella, which also includes Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, and Brucella suis, among others. The species was first described in 2007 following the isolation of the bacterium from stranded dolphins.

Morphology and Characteristics

Brucella ceti is a small, non-motile, gram-negative coccobacillus. Like other Brucella species, it is an intracellular pathogen that can survive and replicate within host cells. The bacterium is aerobic and does not form spores.

Pathogenicity and Host Range

Brucella ceti primarily infects cetaceans, including various species of dolphins and whales. Infected animals may exhibit a range of clinical signs, including reproductive failure, arthritis, and central nervous system disorders. The bacterium has been isolated from tissues such as the brain, reproductive organs, and lymph nodes of affected animals.

Transmission

The exact modes of transmission of Brucella ceti among cetaceans are not fully understood. However, it is believed that the bacterium can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, as well as through the marine environment. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring is also possible.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Brucella ceti infection in cetaceans involves a combination of serological tests, culture, and molecular techniques such as PCR. Due to the challenges of working with marine mammals, diagnosis often relies on post-mortem examination of stranded animals.

Treatment and Control

There is currently no specific treatment for Brucella ceti infection in wild cetaceans. Control measures focus on monitoring and research to better understand the epidemiology of the disease. In captive settings, management practices aim to minimize stress and prevent the introduction of infected animals.

Public Health Implications

While Brucella ceti primarily affects cetaceans, there is potential for zoonotic transmission to humans, particularly those who handle marine mammals or their tissues. Human infections with Brucella species can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and joint pain.

Also see

• Brucellosis
• Brucella abortus
• Brucella melitensis
• Marine mammal health
• Zoonosis