Buddhism in Bhutan

Buddhist_Monk_Window_Bhutan

Buddhism in Bhutan

Buddhism in Bhutan is the major religion and spiritual practice in the Kingdom of Bhutan. It is deeply intertwined with the country's culture, history, and identity. The form of Buddhism practiced in Bhutan is primarily Vajrayana Buddhism, which is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism.

History

Buddhism was introduced to Bhutan in the 7th century by the Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo, who built the first two Buddhist temples, Kyichu Lhakhang in Paro and Jambay Lhakhang in Bumthang. The religion was further propagated by the Indian saint Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche, in the 8th century. He is credited with subduing the local deities and establishing the foundation of Buddhism in Bhutan.

In the 17th century, Ngawang Namgyal, the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, unified Bhutan and established the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism as the state religion. He also built numerous dzongs (fortress-monasteries) which serve as both religious and administrative centers.

Practices and Beliefs

Bhutanese Buddhism is characterized by its rich rituals, elaborate ceremonies, and the use of tantric practices. The Drukpa Kagyu school is the dominant tradition, but other schools such as the Nyingma and Sakya also have a presence.

Monastic life plays a crucial role in Bhutanese society. Monks and nuns are highly respected, and many families send their children to monasteries for education and spiritual training. The Je Khenpo is the head of the monastic body and is an important figure in Bhutanese Buddhism.

Festivals

Buddhist festivals, known as Tsechus, are held annually in various dzongs and monasteries across Bhutan. These festivals feature masked dances, music, and rituals that commemorate the deeds of Guru Rinpoche and other Buddhist saints. The most famous Tsechu is the Paro Tsechu, which attracts thousands of locals and tourists.

Architecture

Bhutanese Buddhist architecture is distinctive and includes dzongs, monasteries, and stupas. The Taktshang Monastery, also known as the Tiger's Nest, is one of the most iconic and sacred sites in Bhutan. It is perched on a cliffside and is associated with Guru Rinpoche, who is said to have meditated there.

Influence on Society

Buddhism influences many aspects of Bhutanese life, including art, literature, and governance. The concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH), which guides Bhutan's development policies, is rooted in Buddhist philosophy. GNH emphasizes the well-being of the population over material wealth and incorporates spiritual, social, and environmental dimensions.

Related Pages

• Vajrayana Buddhism
• Mahayana Buddhism
• Padmasambhava
• Ngawang Namgyal
• Drukpa Lineage
• Je Khenpo
• Tsechu
• Taktshang Monastery
• Gross National Happiness